An unemployed man

Unemployment 

Unemployment is now one of the most serious crises prevalent among many people in society, due to the high rates of unemployment that have recently reached, Which need to develop plans to help study the causes, And then work on the formulation of solutions that contribute to its reduction; until reaching an end to its existence over time.

Define unemployment as the total number of people in the community who are able to do work, but couldn't get it, Unemployment is also known as a term given to a class of people in the community who haven't got any work or job within the field of their competence, Or skills, or experience, leading to sitting at home, and can't achieve any value of financial income, or use a collection of graphical statistics to identify them, and knowing their nature lives for classified within the categories of non-working powers.

Other definitions of unemployment are stops working With the ability to do work, And trying to apply many ways to find jobs, but for many reasons he didn't find the right opportunity for him, such as lack of employment in the community, as unemployment include graduates from universities who couldn't find jobs because of lack of experience they have, in addition to the persons who have resigned from their earlier jobs for whatever reason and they didn't find a new job fit them.

 Causes of unemployment

Unemployment is one of the most important crises that threaten the stability of societies, there are many reasons that lead to their appearance, Which vary from one community to another, including: political, economic, social, and each one has effects and negative consequences affect society, the following information about these reasons:

Political causes

The political causes of unemployment are all the effects related to unemployment and related to the special policy of a country, the most important of which:
  •  Reduced ability to support businesses by international governments.
  •  Civil wars and crises in States.
  •  The absence of political development impact on the economic and social situation in developing countries.

Economic causes

The economic reasons of unemployment are the most prevalent causes and impact on unemployment, which lead to higher international rates, the most important of these reasons:
  •  Increase the number of employees with few job offers,  and caused by the effects of the recession on the business sector,  especially with the increasing numbers of university graduates, and don't give them proper functions.
  •  Resigning from a job and find a new job, and this is temporary unemployment, which include everyone abandoned his job to seek work elsewhere, but it takes a long time to get to work, so in at this period considered as unemployed.
  •  Replace workers with technological means such as computer, which led to increased economic benefit to companies by reducing the income expenditure of workers,  but led to high unemployment.
  •  Hiring from outside the community, which is related to the concept of expatriate labor in the professions, or that need to bring in experts from abroad, Leading to a move away from hiring local workers.

 Social causes

Social causes of unemployment are the Community-related causes that are affected in both political and economic reasons for unemployment, and the most important social causes:
  •  High rates of population growth with widespread poverty, which lack adequate jobs or occupations for the workforce.
  •  Absence of local development society, which depends on benefiting from the positive effects provided by the economic sector to enterprises.
  •  Lack of interest in the development of the education sector, leading to the absence of adequate education and awareness of the issue of unemployment as an important social issue.
  •  Increase the numbers of young people who are able to work with their feelings of despair because they do not have jobs or professions that help them to earn the right income for them.
  •  Lack of continuous development of modern project ideas, which help to give many jobs for people who are able to work.

Solutions to reduce unemployment

A range of solutions is proposed to reduce unemployment in societies:
  •  Changing the prevailing perception of professions, which contribute to the reduction of the unemployment rate much; many young people do not want to work in the professions and handicrafts, which leads to the accumulation of these professions, so young people should be encouraged on these types of professions by holding courses and seminars Help them to get to know them better.
  •  Financing small and entrepreneurial projects that help give a range of jobs for many young people, especially new university graduates who have academic skills that may meet the specific functional requirements of these new projects.
  •  The allocation of financial rewards for voluntary work, and this contributes to an increase in the desire to join volunteer work, and also promotes the idea of voluntary work, which may be converted over time into formal work.
  •  Restrictions on the employment of expatriate workers, which help to provide the jobs available to members of the community who are able to work.

Types of unemployment

Many types of unemployment are prevalent among groups capable of working in society. The most important of these types are:

  • Structural Unemployment

The type of unemployment resulting from the reliance on modern means of doing business, which completely or partly eliminates workers and employees and replaces them with electronic and computer tools and devices , thus exacerbating the spread of unemployment in the industrial and productive sectors.Structural Unemployment : The type of unemployment resulting from the reliance on modern means of doing business, which completely or partly eliminates workers and employees and replaces them with electronic and computer tools and devices , thus exacerbating the spread of unemployment in the industrial and productive sectors.

  • Seasonal unemployment

Is the unemployment that occurs because of the adoption of certain types of work on certain seasons of employment, the labor sector revives in a certain period, and then suffers from stagnation in another period, leading to the spread of unemployment, Examples of this type of unemployment are agricultural work as an Olive press.

  • Frictional unemployment

Unemployment resulting from the movement of people between jobs and occupations, both inside and outside the country, which leads to the transformation of employees and workers into unemployed during the period of their transition or the search for new jobs.

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